Originality and modernity in architecture
The struggle over local and global values is what modern architecture and modernity focus on, and this is what Islamic architecture did not do, as it focused on merging originality with modernity.
Modern architecture can be recognized by its commitment to Le Corbusier's saying "form follows function", which means that structures are given their aesthetic advantages based on their utility. The postmodern response rejects this philosophy without offering any specific alternative. As we shall see, modern architecture is part of a unified and purposeful cosmopolitan landscape, while postmodernism seeks a unique appearance that emphasizes authenticity and local flavor.
As the world moved to urban life, Le Corbusier and the modernists sought to maximize the use of limited spaces. While many commercial structures were created with an emphasis on a specific aesthetic (such as how they fit the neighborhood, or pay homage to European fashion), Le Corbusier focused on how to create a structure whose design stems entirely from its use. This philosophy has been summarized in architecture as "form follows function". If we look at one of Le Corbusier's designs, we can see this philosophy in action. See Gustavo Cabanema Palace in Rio de Janeiro.
Does this remind you of apartments in your area? The design uses materials efficiently to create uniform and functional living spaces. There is no façade or exotic materials used to decorate the structure, rather its elegance stems from its symmetrical and functional design.
Modernity in Architecture: Michael Graves
Other architects, such as Michael Graves (1934-2015), a former follower of Le Corbusier, found this appearance claustrophobic and soulless. By the end of Le Cobusier's life, skyscrapers and apartment buildings such as the Gustavo Capanema Palace were ubiquitous, often as prominent as the eyes versus the local flavor of the cities that surrounded them. Graves rejected the idea of function centrality in design and proceeded to incorporate whims and elegance into his structures. He employed the use of façades, asymmetries, and decorative finishes in commercial architecture and constructed buildings that were unique and different from the "devoid" appearance of modern architecture. His designs were not without controversy, as many found them ugly or contradictory, but he sought to create unique structures that referred to local culture, rather than being cosmopolitan and cosmopolitan.
Originality in Architecture
The term Originality can denote two
meanings, temporal and systematic, according to Fouad Zakaria’s definition,
which is consistent with this concept, we find that it distinguishes between
these two meanings, and excludes the reference to time, on the basis that the
original transcends the concept of time, other thinkers such as al-Jabri and Hanafi agree with him.
While we find that other thinkers intends
to link this concept with the past and with the heritage, which means the
implicit indication that the authentic belongs chronologically to the past so
that Originality is confined to the old, even if it is relatively, Thus, we
find two different directions of seeing concepts through the propositions of
thinkers.
Also we can find agreement on some
general lines of the concept of Originality, the first is that Originality
contains the characteristic of creativity, even if creativity differs from one
nation to another, which means that Originality is linked in particular to
culture, as it is derived.
Second, Originality
contains within its internal structure (kinetic), meaning the ability to
develop and renewal, and considering this characteristic we can adopt the
opinion that Al-Jabri and Hanafi tend to think that Originality transcends the
concept of time, that is, it is a moment of creativity, and at the same time it
contains within its folds the seeds of renewal and continuity, so what is
original is seen as such, not only in its own time, but remains so for
subsequent generations.
In short, architectural Originality is
"the state or value of being original" and the ability to express
civilization or contemplate in a specific and independent manner, in addition
to the uniqueness, brilliance, or creative ability to present a structure,
civilization, or culture, and its ability to develop and renew with
consideration of the time and birth of this architecture And taking into
account its culture and beliefs in time and place.
Modernity in Architecture
As for modernity (contemporary):
modernization and renewal of what is old, a term that appears in the historical
cultural and intellectual field to indicate the stage of development that
marked Europe in particular in the stage of modern times.
In simplified terms, history can be
divided into five parts: prehistory, ancient history, the Middle Ages, the
modern era and the post-modern era, or it is the inevitable result of the
continuous interactions of the civilizational foundations of society linked to
the movement of history carrying what you can from the civilizational harvest
of its heritage and affected by the geographical dimension of this location.
Society is one of the other societies
that affect it in successive waves of tide and civilization, hesitating between
weakness and strength, leaving its effects negatively or positively depending
on the ability of the community to confront it, interact with it, or submit to
it.
Architectural Modernism: A style that
emerged in explaining the twentieth century in response to large-scale changes
in both technology and society.
Territories with the function of
buildings, which are approached from an analytical point of view, rational use
of materials, de-decoration and decoration, openness to structural innovation,
modernity has developed in all artistic fields, not just architecture, as a
means of accommodating and responding to new technologies of machinery,
automation, and urban design.
The Industrial Revolution played a
major role in the development of architecture driven by functional primacy, materials
such as concrete, glass and steel were industrially made in this era, and
architects adopted ideologies that highlight the truth of the structure as the
basis of their covering with ornate facades.
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